 | | page 1 | | 1: | Ŋaw°na-nta lemma: ŋaw°na 'past'
form: adv.poss-3sg
translation: Long ago there lived two Wayas.
xunana-nta lemma: xunana 'ago'
form: adv.poss-3sg
sʹidʹa lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
tənʹa-wex°h. lemma: tənʹa 'exist'
form: 3dl.prs.infr
inferential/narrative (N. 93)
default (present/aorist) tense is unmarked (N. 80), not indicated in glosses by Nikolaeva
Sʹidʹa lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
translation: The two Wayas lived on the river bank.
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
default singular and nominative/absolutive case are morphologically unmarked (and, again, not glossed by Nikolaeva)
yəxa-h lemma: yəxa 'river'
form: sg.gen
war°-xəna lemma: war° 'bank'
form: sg.loc
yilʹe-wex°h. lemma: yilʹe 'live'
form: 3dl.prs.infr
Yi-tʹa lemma: yi 'water'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
translation: The width of the river which flows in the Northern Sea (lit. of stinking water) is hundred fathoms.
ŋəbtʹe-nʹa lemma: ŋəbtʹe 'stink'
form: ptcp-ipf
participles: for relative clauses, they ”define a fully-fledged clausal domain” (types: ipf, pf, fut, neg; N. 107)
yam-t°h lemma: yam 'sea'
form: sg.dat
dative: has a lative (denoting motion towards) function as well, as in Mansi
xaqmor-ta lemma: xaqmor 'fall'
form: ptcp-ipf
yəxa-h lemma: yəxa 'river'
form: sg.gen
lata lemma: lata 'broad'
form: adjective
yur lemma: yur '100'
form: text numeral
tʹībʹa, lemma: tʹībʹa 'foot'
form: sg.nom
tərcʹa lemma: tərcʹa 'such'
form: relative
translation: They lived near such a river, by the rivermouth.
yəxa-h lemma: yəxa 'river'
form: sg.gen
xǣw°xəna lemma: xǣw°xəna 'near'
form: preposition
yilʹe-wex°h, lemma: yilʹe 'live'
form: 3dl.prs.infr
yəxa-h lemma: yəxa 'river'
form: sg.gen
mal°-xəna. lemma: mal° 'end'
form: sg.loc
| | 2: | Yəxa-dʹih lemma: yəxa 'river'
form: sg.nom.poss-3dl
translation: Their river split into two channels.
sʹidʹa lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
tarka-w°na lemma: tarka 'fork'
form: sg.prol
xǣ-wi°, lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: 3sg.prs.infr
mʹa-tʹih lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.nom.poss-3dl
translation: Their tent stood on the cape of the split
tarka lemma: tarka 'fork'
form: sg.nom
səlʹa-xəna lemma: səlʹa 'cape'
form: sg.loc
ŋǣ-wi°. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.prs.infr
Tʹiki° lemma: tʹiki° 'this'
form: demonstrative
translation: These two Wayas didn’t have many reindeer, only 300
sʹidʹa lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
Wayə-nt° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.gen.poss-2sg
ŋoka lemma: ŋoka 'many'
form: adjective
tedʹih lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: pl.nom.poss-3dl
yəŋku-q, lemma: yəŋku 'no'
form: neg.poss-3pl
non-verbal predicates, inflected for tense: pos tənʹa°, neg yəŋku (N. 250)
tedʹih lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: pl.nom.poss-3dl
nʹax°r lemma: nʹax°r '3'
form: text numeral
yur. lemma: yur '100'
form: text numeral
Nʹax°r lemma: nʹax°r '3'
form: text numeral
translation: Five children of the older Waya were busy looking after (lit. gathering) their 300 reindeer.
yur lemma: yur '100'
form: text numeral
teko-cʹa-mtʹih lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: sg.acc.dim.poss-3dl
məq°lampə-da-ŋe° lemma: məq°lampə 'gather'
form: ptcp-ipf.ess
essive -ŋe° (N. 39)
ŋarka lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
Way°-h lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.gen
səmp°lʹaŋk° lemma: səmp°lʹaŋk° '5'
form: text numeral
ŋəcʹeki° lemma: ŋəcʹeki° 'child'
form: sg.nom
tənʹa°. lemma: tənʹa°
form: pos
Ŋarka lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: The older Waya was married,
Wayə-r° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
nʹe-sawey°, lemma: nʹe 'woman'
form: sg.nom.propr
proprietive -sawey° (N. 32)
nʹudʹa lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: (but) the younger Waya didn’t have a wife yet
Wayə-nt° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.gen
nʹe-da lemma: nʹe 'woman'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
təmna lemma: təmna 'still'
form: adverb
yəŋku. lemma: yəŋku 'no'
form: neg
Nʹa-nta lemma: nʹa (2) 'companion, brother'
form: sg.gen.poss-3sg
translation: He lived in his brother’s tent.
mʹa-k°na lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.loc
yilʹe° lemma: yilʹe 'live'
form: 3sg.prs
Sʹa°qni° lemma: sʹa°qni° 'after a while'
form: adverb
translation: Once, the older Waya said:
ŋǣ-b°-ta lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: cond.poss-3sg
Nenets conditional is technically a non-finite form, using nominal possessive (not predicative) endings to mark the subject (N. 110).
ŋoq lemma: ŋoq 'too'
form: adverb
ŋarka lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
Wayə-r° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
definite use of poss.suffix: ʹand this Waya of yours...ʹ
ʹa raz ti tento tvoj veľký Waya, no čože ti nepovie!ʹ
nʹī=w°q lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg
alt.analysis: dub
dubitative =m°h ʹindeedʹ (N. 121)
man°-q: lemma: ma 'say'
form: conneg
connegative form (formally as subj. 2sg.imp: ʹindeed do say!ʹ, N. 115)
“Nʹudʹa lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: ʺLittle Waya, autumn has arrived.ʺ
Wayeq, lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom.foc
focus =(ŋo)w°/=ey° (N. 118)
num-ta lemma: num 'sky'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
??
tʹedaxəw°h lemma: tʹedah 'now'
form: adv.aff
affirmative -xəwa (N. 129)
ŋerʹoy°-ma. lemma: ŋerʹo 'autumn'
form: an-pf
annotated autumn.V by Nikolaeva
Temʹih lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: sg.nom.poss-1dl
translation: ʺWe have 300 reindeer.ʺ
nʹax°r lemma: nʹax°r '3'
form: text numeral
yur. lemma: yur '100'
form: text numeral
| | 3: | Yilʹebcʹə°-m lemma: yilʹebcʹə° 'wild reindeer'
form: sg.acc
translation: ʺLet’s go hunting for wild reindeer.ʺ
xada-wəncʹ° lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: conv.purp
purposive converb/final gerund -məncʹ° (ʹto huntʹ, ~ ловитъ?, N. 110)
converbs: frozen case forms of deverbal nouns
xǣ-x°-waq. lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: 1pl.hort
Te-sawey° lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: sg.nom.propr
translation: ʺWe will travel on reindeer.ʺ
xan°tə°-nʹih. lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: 1dl.fut
Nʹūk°cʹi-nʹi lemma: ŋəcʹeki° 'child'
form: pl.nom.poss-1dl
translation: ʺMy children will stay at home to protect the tent.ʺ
mʹa-k°na lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.loc
xayoya-q lemma: xay 'remain'
form: 3pl.juss
mʹad°-m lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.acc
let°rampə-°. lemma: let°rampə 'protect'
form: conv.mod
modal converb -° (ʹwhile protectingʹ, ~ хранѧще?, N. 110)
Nʹudʹa lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: The little Waya said:
Wayə-r° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
ma-sʹey° lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.pst.foc
Cyr. form differs, as given by Nikolaeva
“ŋǣ°-ya=wa. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.juss
alt.analysis: asrt
translation: ʺOk.ʺ
assertive =ma/=wa (N. 120)
Tərʹem lemma: tərʹem 'so'
form: particle
translation: ʺIf you say so, what (could go) wrong?”
mam-pə-t° lemma: ma 'say'
form: cond.poss-2sg
ŋəmke-da lemma: ŋəmke 'what'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
wǣwa?” lemma: wǣwa 'bad'
form: adjective
Xūnʹana lemma: xūnʹana 'tomorrow'
form: adverb
translation: The next morning they got up and ate.
yurkiə-d°q, lemma: yurkiə 'wake up'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
ŋo°rŋa-q. lemma: ŋo°rŋa 'eat'
form: 3pl.prs
Tə-h lemma: tə (2) 'then'
form: sg.gen
translation: Then they made a small summer tent.
mʹadʹi-ko-də-mtoh lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.acc.dim.predest-3pl
acc. predestinative: object of ”typically verbs of creation and change of location” (N. 74)
sʹerta-q. lemma: sʹerta 'do'
form: 3pl.prs
Ŋəmke-rʹi-h lemma: ŋəmke 'what'
form: sg.gen.lim
translation: Why have a big tent when you can have a small one? A small tent to carry on a small sledge!
limitative -rʹi (ʹonlyʹ, N. 124)
toql°xa lemma: toql°xa 'like'
form: adverb
mʹadʹi-ko-cʹa lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.nom.dim
ŋǣ-b°-ta lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: cond.poss-3sg
syntax: ??
ŋoq, lemma: ŋoq 'too'
form: adverb
ŋəmke lemma: ŋəmke 'what'
form: sg.nom
ŋarka lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
mʹaq lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.nom
ŋǣ-w°na, lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.reput
reputative -məna/-w°na (ʹas ifʹ, ending as nominal prolative?, ”some kind of irrealis comparision”, N. 104)
glossed ”rep” in the source
mʹapoy° lemma: mʹapoy° 'small sledge'
form: sg.nom
mʹadʹi-ko-cʹa. lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.nom.dim
| | 4: | Ŋarka lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: The older Waya seemed to have about 50 sledges.
Wayə-nt° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.gen.poss-2sg
səmp°lʹaŋk° lemma: səmp°lʹaŋk° '5'
form: text numeral
yūd° lemma: yūq '10'
form: text numeral
mʹan° lemma: mʹan° 'about'
form: adverb
xən° lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: sg.nom
ŋǣ-darəxa. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.prs.aprx-ipf
approximative (situation witnessed by or familiar to the speaker, N. 101)
Xənʹaŋi° lemma: xənʹaŋi° 'which'
form: sg.nom
translation: Some of them were loaded,
tʹer°-sawey° lemma: tʹer° 'content'
form: sg.nom.propr
ŋǣ-daki°-q, lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3pl.prs.prob-ipf
probabilitative (based on -t(ʹ)aqxiə, less certain than dubitative, N. 99)
xənʹaŋidoh lemma: xənʹaŋi° 'which'
form: sg.nom.poss-3pl
translation: and some were empty.
tʹer°sʹə-da lemma: tʹer° 'content'
form: ptcp-ipf
ŋǣ-daki°-q. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3pl.prs.prob-ipf
Ŋarka lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: Older Waya’s wife took ten sledges.
Way°-h lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.gen
nʹe lemma: nʹe 'woman'
form: sg.nom
yūq lemma: yūq '10'
form: text numeral
xən°-m lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: sg.acc
soda°. lemma: soda° 'take along'
form: 3sg.prs
Xūnʹana lemma: xūnʹana 'tomorrow'
form: adverb
translation: The next day they left.
yamteyə-d°q. lemma: yamteyə 'move on'
form: 3pl.prs.refl
Ŋǣrʹo-h lemma: ŋerʹo 'autumn'
form: sg.gen
translation: The three of them set off travelling in the month of great darkness, in autumn, in the month of wild reindeer bulls (October).
genitive: marks some temporal adjuncts (N. 61)
lit.: In autumn (gen), in the month of bulls (loc?), of their moving in the month of big darkness (acc??), they, being tree, were. (?)
yolcʹ°ŋkəna lemma: yolcʹ°ŋkəna 'during'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.loc
mər°-q lemma: mər° 'wild reindeer bull'
form: pl.gen
yiri°-xəna lemma: yiri° 'month'
form: sg.loc
yamta-wa-ntoh lemma: yamta 'move'
form: an-ipf.gen.poss-3pl
imperfective action nominal/infinitive: clausal nominalization denoting simultaneous or posterior event (ʹof movingʹ, грѧдѫщїихъ?, perfective denote anterior ones, N. 108)
ŋarka lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
pǣw°dʹa-h lemma: pǣw°dʹa 'darkness'
form: sg.gen
yiri°-m lemma: yiri° 'month'
form: sg.acc
nʹax°r-ŋe° lemma: nʹax°r '3'
form: text numeral
alt.analysis: sg.ess
meŋa-q. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3pl.prs
Morphem -ŋa is regularily attached to vowel-final stems (N. 26). It also appears as an augmentative suffix (p.139).
Ŋarka lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: When the great darkness had finished, the sun started to appear little by little.
lit. ѿ веле-тьмꙑ съврьшенїа, по малꙋ слъньце мꙋ ꙗви сѧ
pǣw°dʹa-h lemma: pǣw°dʹa 'darkness'
form: sg.gen
yolcʹ°-qma-xəd° lemma: yolcʹ° 'finish'
form: an-pf.abl
xəcʹah lemma: xəcʹah 'a bit'
form: adverb
xayer-ta lemma: xayer 'sun'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
ŋədʹimʹa. lemma: ŋədʹi 'be visible'
form: 3sg.prs.inch
Tʹedaxəw° lemma: tʹedah 'now'
form: adv.aff
translation: There were many wild reindeer at that time.
yilʹ°bcʹə-q lemma: yilʹebcʹə° 'wild reindeer'
form: pl.nom
ŋoka=nʹuq. lemma: ŋoka 'many'
form: adjective
alt.analysis: excl
exclamative!
Ŋarka lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: The older Waya said:
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
ma-sʹey° lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.pst.foc
“Tʹukon°h lemma: tʹukon°h 'to here'
form: adv.dat
translation: ”Let’s camp here!”
directional adverb (N. 50)
ŋeso-xə-waq!” lemma: ŋeso 'camp'
form: 1pl.hort
| | 5: | Mʹa-toh lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.acc.poss-3pl
translation: They set up a tent there.
formally nom? (acc.poss-3pl: -m-toh, N. 67)
tə-h lemma: tə 'summer'
form: adv.gen
me°-doh. lemma: me° 'set up'
form: 3pl.prs.obj-sg
Teko-cʹi-doh lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: sg.nom.dim.poss-3pl
translation: They had about 60 reindeer.
mət°q lemma: mət°q '6'
form: text numeral
yūq lemma: yūq '10'
form: text numeral
ŋǣ-daki°. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.prs.prob
Nʹudʹa lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: The younger Waya saw:
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
si°rŋa, lemma: si°rŋa 'look'
form: 3sg.prs
nʹer°nʹana lemma: nʹer°nʹana 'before'
form: adverb
translation: there was a river with willow bushes on the bank in front of them.
nʹero lemma: nʹero 'willow bush'
form: sg.nom
war°-da lemma: war° 'bank'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
yəxa lemma: yəxa 'river'
form: sg.nom
ŋǣ-wi°. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.prs.infr
Tʹax° lemma: tʹax° 'back'
form: adverb
translation: Wild reindeer could be seen on the other side of the river
nʹa-ŋi° lemma: nʹa 'at'
form: adjective
xǣw°-xəna lemma: xǣw° 'side'
form: sg.loc
yilʹebcʹə-q lemma: yilʹebcʹə° 'wild reindeer'
form: pl.nom
ŋədʹi-q. lemma: ŋədʹi 'be visible'
form: 3pl.prs
Ŋarka lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: The older Waya went out of the tent (lit. appeared, started to be visible) and said:
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
mʹa-kəd° lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.abl
ŋədʹi-mʹa, lemma: ŋədʹi 'be visible'
form: 3sg.prs.inch
ma lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.prs
“Yebtow°q, lemma: yebtow° 'darling'
form: sg.nom.foc
translation: ”Dear, what can you see?”
ŋəmke-m lemma: ŋəmke 'what'
form: sg.acc
məneqŋa-ney°q?” lemma: məneq 'see'
form: 2sg.prs.foc
“Tay°na lemma: tay°na 'there'
form: demonstrative
translation: ”It seems there is prey there.”
xanʹeda lemma: xanʹeda 'prey'
form: sg.nom
ŋǣ-dar°xa.” lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.prs.aprx-ipf
Tʹiki° lemma: tʹiki° 'this'
form: demonstrative
translation: After they started hunting on that land, they filled all their sledges to the top
lit. ʹafter the begin of their hunt on this place...ʹ
ya-x°na lemma: ya 'place'
form: sg.loc
təd° lemma: təd° 'then'
form: adverb
xanʹe-l-ma-ntʹih lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: an-pf.inch.poss-3dl
sʹamʹan° lemma: sʹamʹan° 'most'
form: adverb
xən°-mtʹih lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: sg.acc.poss-3dl
mal°h lemma: mal°h 'all'
form: adjective
pan°de-y°-dʹih. lemma: pan°de 'fill'
form: 2/3dl.prs.obj-pl
Ŋarka lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: The older Waya said:
Wayə-r° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
ma-sʹey° lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.pst.foc
“Tʹebta-h lemma: tʹebta 'tomorrow'
form: adv.gen
translation: ”We could leave tomorrow,”
yamta-ŋku-nacʹ°, lemma: yamta 'move'
form: 1pl.fut-pst.refl
ŋob lemma: ŋob '1'
form: text numeral
translation: ”but one of my big sledges is empty.”
sʹabu-nʹi lemma: sʹabu 'cargo sledge'
form: sg.gen.poss-1sg
tʹer° lemma: tʹer° 'content'
form: sg.nom
yəŋku.” lemma: yəŋku 'no'
form: neg
| | 6: | Nʹudʹa lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: The younger Waya said:
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
ma: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.prs
“Sʹabu-r° lemma: sʹabu 'cargo sledge'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
translation: ”Leave it empty.”
tʹer°sʹə-ya=wa. lemma: tʹer°sʹə 'empty'
form: sg.nom.jus
alt.analysis: asrt
Təd° lemma: təd° 'then'
form: adverb
translation: ”Later when we travel, maybe we will kill one or two more wild reindeer.”
yamta-wa-nʹih lemma: yamta 'move'
form: an-ipf.gen.poss-1dl
yolcʹ°ŋkəna lemma: yolcʹ°ŋkəna 'during'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.loc
məsʹiq lemma: məsʹiq 'maybe'
form: particle
ŋob lemma: ŋob '1'
form: text numeral
sʹidʹa lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
yilʹ°bcʹə-m lemma: yilʹebcʹə° 'wild reindeer'
form: sg.acc
təmna lemma: təmna 'still'
form: adverb
xada-ŋku-nʹih.” lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: 1dl.fut
“Yəŋko=w°q, lemma: yəŋku 'no'
form: neg
alt.analysis: dub
translation: ”No!”
sʹabu-nʹi lemma: sʹabu 'cargo sledge'
form: sg.gen.poss-1sg
translation: ”My big sledge is empty,”
tʹer° lemma: tʹer° 'content'
form: sg.nom
yəŋku=nʹuq. lemma: yəŋku 'no'
form: neg
alt.analysis: excl
Tərʹem lemma: tərʹem 'so'
form: particle
translation: ”that’s very bad.”
wǣwa.” lemma: wǣwa 'bad'
form: adjective
Ŋarka lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: The older Waya harnessed four very black (reindeer),
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
tʹet° lemma: tʹet° '4'
form: text numeral
pərʹisʹeq°-m lemma: pərʹisʹeq° 'very black'
form: sg.acc
podʹerŋa, lemma: podʹer 'harness'
form: 3sg.prs
augmentative -ŋa ? (N. 139)
ŋǣdaley°-q. lemma: ŋǣdaley° 'start travel'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
translation: (and) he took off.
Nʹudʹa lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: The younger Waya stayed at home (lit. in the tent),
Wayə-r° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
mʹa-k°na lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.loc
xayi, lemma: xay 'remain'
form: 3sg.prs
xənoda lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: pl.acc.poss-3sg
translation: he prepared the sledges for travelling on the following day,
or sg.nom.poss-3sg ?
Nikolaeva: pl.acc.pl.3sg (but below: acc.pl.3sg)
xūnʹana lemma: xūnʹana 'tomorrow'
form: adverb
yamta-wəncʹ° lemma: yamta 'move'
form: conv.purp
xamadamp°-daki°, lemma: xamadamp° 'prepare'
form: 3sg.prs.prob-ipf
soda lemma: so 'harness'
form: pl.acc.poss-3sg
translation: (and he) prepared the harnesses.
pək°lʹempə-daki°. lemma: pək°lʹempə 'put on'
form: 3sg.prs.prob-ipf
Yalʹa-h lemma: yalʹa 'day'
form: sg.gen
translation: All day long there were no news of older Waya.
yampə-n°h lemma: yampə 'long'
form: sg.dat
ŋarka lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
Wayə-nt° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.gen.poss-2sg
siŋk°rʹo-da lemma: siŋk°rʹo 'news, noise'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
yəŋku. lemma: yəŋku 'no'
form: neg
Xurka-n°h lemma: xurka 'which, what kind of'
form: adjective
alt.analysis: sg.dat
translation: Evening came but still no older Waya.
??
num-ta lemma: num 'sky'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
pǣw°sʹumʹa, lemma: pǣw°sʹumʹa 'evening'
form: sg.nom
ŋarka lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.gen.poss-2sg
yəŋku. lemma: yəŋku 'no'
form: neg
| | 7: | Ŋəmke-da lemma: ŋəmke 'what'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
translation: What on earth happened to him?
xəd°ke=y°q? lemma: xəd°ke 'happen'
form: 3sg.prs
alt.analysis: foc
Ŋanʹi lemma: ŋanʹi 'other'
form: adjective
translation: Another day came,
yalʹa lemma: yalʹa 'day'
form: sg.nom
to°, lemma: to° 'come'
form: 3sg.prs
num-ta lemma: num 'sky'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
translation: its sky got bright,
yalema. lemma: yalema 'get bright'
form: 3sg.prs
Ŋarka lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: but still - no older Waya.
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
təmna lemma: təmna 'still'
form: adverb
yəŋku. lemma: yəŋku 'no'
form: neg
Puxucʹa-da lemma: puxucʹa 'old woman, wife'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
translation: His wife said:
ma-sʹey° lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.pst.foc
“Ŋarʹey°q, lemma: ŋarʹey°q 'hey!'
form: interjection
translation: ”Hey, my husband isn’t coming back!”
wǣsako-mʹi lemma: wǣsako 'old man, husband'
form: sg.nom.poss-1sg
to-wa-n°h lemma: to° 'come'
form: an-ipf.dat
nʹī lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: negation particle
xərwa-q, lemma: xərwa 'want'
form: conneg
məsʹiq lemma: məsʹiq 'maybe'
form: particle
translation: ”Maybe he’s killed many wild reindeer,”
ŋoka lemma: ŋoka 'many'
form: adjective
yilʹebcʹə-m lemma: yilʹebcʹə° 'wild reindeer'
form: sg.acc
xada-weki°. lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: 3sg.pst.prob
Yoxo-daki°? lemma: yoxo 'get lost'
form: 3sg.prs.prob-ipf
translation: ”(or) got lost?”
Pidər° lemma: pidər 'you'
form: 2sg.nom
translation: ”You go,”
xanʹ°-q, lemma: xanʹ° 'go'
form: 2sg.imp
pʹū-l°-yi-r°.” lemma: pʹū 'search'
form: 2sg.subj.inch.obj-sg
translation: ”you have to start searching for him!”
Nʹudʹa lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: The younger Waya said:
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
ma: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.prs
“Pʹū-wəncʹ° lemma: pʹū 'search'
form: conv.purp
translation: ”If I am to go to start searching for him, you pull down the tent.”
xǣ-b°qna-nʹi lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: cond-emph.poss-1sg
ŋod°q lemma: ŋod°q 'too'
form: adverb
tʹedaxəw°h lemma: tʹedah 'now'
form: adv.aff
mʹaq-l° lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
xaqw°ra°-q!” lemma: xaqw°ra° 'bundle'
form: 2sg.imp
Mʹūd°-mʹih lemma: mʹūd° 'caravan'
form: sg.acc.poss-1dl
translation: ”And let’s harness a reindeer caravan.”
podʹer-kə-mʹih. lemma: podʹer 'harness'
form: 1dl.hort.obj-sg
hortative (1st person imperative) -xə- or -kə- (N. 86)
| | 8: | Sʹenʹey° lemma: sʹenʹey° 'before, old'
form: adjective
translation: ”You travel back over the old road,”
nʹeda-h lemma: nʹeda 'old road'
form: sg.gen
mʹumnʹa lemma: mʹunʹa 'inside'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.prol
prolative form of a postposition (ʹthrough insideʹ, по срѣдѣ ?, N. 51)
pir°dərʹih lemma: pir°də 'back'
form: adv.gen.lim
ʹback and nothing elseʹ ? (N. 125)
genitive (?) not glossed by Nikolaeva
yamta-d°q. lemma: yamta 'move'
form: 2sg.imp.refl
Mənʹ° lemma: mənʹ 'I'
form: 1sg.nom
translation: ”and I will go and search for my brother.”
ŋanʹih lemma: ŋanʹih 'more'
form: adverb
nʹa-mʹi lemma: nʹa (2) 'companion, brother'
form: sg.nom.poss-1sg
pʹū-wəncʹ° lemma: pʹū 'search'
form: conv.purp
xan°-tə-d°m.” lemma: xanʹ° 'go'
form: 1sg.fut
Nʹudʹa lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: The younger Waya harnessed his sister-in-law’s caravan.
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
nʹaba-nta lemma: nʹaba 'elder brotherʹs wife'
form: sg.gen.poss-3sg
mʹūd°-m lemma: mʹūd° 'caravan'
form: sg.acc
podʹerŋa-da. lemma: podʹer 'harness'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
Mʹa-ta lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.acc.poss-3sg
translation: She took down the tent,
xaqw°ra°, lemma: xaqw°ra° 'bundle'
form: 3sg.prs
xənoda lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: pl.acc.poss-3sg
translation: and prepared the sledges.
xura°. lemma: xura° 'tie'
form: 3sg.prs
Nʹaba-da lemma: nʹaba 'elder brotherʹs wife'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
translation: His sister-in-law went back.
pir°dərʹih lemma: pir°də 'back'
form: adv.gen.lim
yamtey°-q. lemma: yamta 'move'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
Ŋanʹi lemma: ŋanʹi 'other'
form: adjective
translation: He had been using harnessed reindeer for his sledge for a long time, the ones that have two crooked horns.
xən°-da lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
sʹi-q lemma: sʹi 'harnessed reindeer'
form: pl.nom
ŋaxət° lemma: ŋaxət° 'before'
form: adv.abl
me-ta-da lemma: me 'use, take'
form: ptcp-ipf.poss-3sg
ŋǣ-daki°-q, lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3pl.prs.prob-ipf
sʹidʹa lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
nʹamt° lemma: nʹamt° 'horn'
form: adjective
alt.analysis: sg.nom
pay°. lemma: pay° 'crooked'
form: adjective
Tʹika-xəyu-da lemma: tʹiki° 'this'
form: dl.acc.poss-3sg
translation: He harnessed (the two of) them.
podʹerŋa. lemma: podʹer 'harness'
form: 3sg.prs
Naro-nta lemma: naro 'skin for sitting'
form: sg.gen.poss-3sg
translation: He put two iron bows under the skin used for sitting on the sledge, on the right hand side.
ŋil°h lemma: ŋil°h 'to under'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.dat
xən°-h lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: sg.gen
wǣ lemma: wǣ 'right'
form: adjective
nʹa-ŋi° lemma: nʹa 'at'
form: adjective
xǣwuw°na lemma: xǣw° 'side'
form: sg.prol
sʹidʹa lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
yesʹa lemma: yesʹa 'iron'
form: adjective
ŋin° lemma: ŋin° 'bow'
form: sg.nom
pək°lʹe°. lemma: pək°lʹe° 'put'
form: 3sg.prs
| | 9: | Nʹudʹa lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: Then the younger Waya went back over his brother’s tracks.
lit. ʹthrough his brotherʹs goingʹ
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
nʹa-nta lemma: nʹa (2) 'companion, brother'
form: sg.gen.poss-3sg
xǣ-qmʹa-h lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: an-pf.gen
mʹumnʹa lemma: mʹunʹa 'inside'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.prol
xəya. lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: 3sg.prs
Ŋǣdalʹo-wa-da lemma: ŋǣdal 'travel'
form: an-ipf.nom.poss-3sg
translation: His tracks could be seen very well.
lit. ʹhis travellingʹ
səwa-w°na lemma: səwa 'good'
form: adv.prol
ŋədʹi. lemma: ŋədʹi 'be visible'
form: 3sg.prs
Xurka-rʹi lemma: xurka 'which, what kind of'
form: adjective
alt.analysis: sg.nom.lim
translation: It seemed the elder brother had been killing and skinning all sorts of wild reindeer, and then moving on even further.
xurka-rʹi ʹany kindʹ (N. 127)
yilʹebcʹəye lemma: yilʹebcʹə° 'wild reindeer'
form: pl.acc
xada-bə-sʹ°tə-wi°, lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: 3sg.hab.infr-ipf
yax°-sʹət°-wi°, lemma: yax° 'skin'
form: 3sg.prs.hab.infr
təmna lemma: təmna 'still'
form: adverb
nʹer°nʹah lemma: nʹer°nʹah 'forth'
form: adv.dat
xǣ-sʹ°tə-wi°. lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: 3sg.prs.hab.infr
Ŋəmke-h lemma: ŋəmke 'what'
form: sg.gen
translation: After a while, a river appeared in front of him.
yolcʹ°ŋkəna lemma: yolcʹ°ŋkəna 'during'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.loc
nʹer°nʹana lemma: nʹer°nʹana 'before'
form: adverb
ŋob lemma: ŋob '1'
form: text numeral
yəxa-ko lemma: yəxa 'river'
form: sg.nom.dim
ŋədʹi-mʹa. lemma: ŋədʹi 'be visible'
form: 3sg.prs.inch
Nʹudʹa lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: Younger Waya reached the other side of the river.
Wayə-r° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
tʹax° lemma: tʹax° 'back'
form: adverb
nʹah lemma: nʹah 'to, with'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.dat
tǣwi°-q. lemma: tǣwi° 'arrive'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
Ow°, lemma: ow° 'oh'
form: interjection
translation: “Oh, what’s that?”
takemʹi lemma: take 'that'
form: sg.nom.poss-1sg
ŋəmke? lemma: ŋəmke 'what'
form: sg.nom
Təd° lemma: təd° 'then'
form: adverb
translation: Then he saw:
məneqŋa-da, lemma: məneq 'see'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
ŋarka lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: the older Waya lies dead on the top of his sledge.
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
xabey°-ŋe° lemma: xabey° 'dead'
form: sg.nom.ess
lʹasi° lemma: lʹasi° 'lie'
form: 3sg.prs
xən°-ta lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: sg.gen.poss-3sg
nʹinʹa. lemma: nʹinʹa 'on'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.loc
Ŋǣwa-da lemma: ŋǣwa 'head'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
translation: His head was pierced by an arrow.
muŋk°-xəna lemma: muŋk° 'arrow'
form: sg.loc
yədara-wi°. lemma: yədara 'pierce'
form: 3sg.prs.infr
| | 10: | Nʹudʹa lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: The younger Waya thought:
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
yī-x°nanta lemma: yī 'mind'
form: sg.loc.poss-3sg
ma: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.prs
“Ow°, lemma: ow° 'oh'
form: interjection
translation: “Oh, my poor older brother has been murdered.”
nʹe°ka-ye-mʹi lemma: nʹe°ka 'elder brother'
form: sg.nom.pej.poss-1sg
məlʹe° lemma: məlʹe° 'already'
form: adverb
xada-ra-wi°-q. lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: 3sg.prs.pass.infr
suffix -ra-: ”derives lexical passives which belong to the reflexive past” (N. 226)
Xumpa°ncʹih lemma: xumpa°ncʹih 'in vain'
form: adverb
translation: ”What a shame he thought his cargo sledge was so empty,”
sʹabu-mta lemma: sʹabu 'cargo sledge'
form: sg.acc.poss-3sg
tʹer°sʹə-da-ŋe° lemma: tʹer°sʹə 'empty'
form: ptcp-ipf.ess
pǣ°r-meda, lemma: pǣ°r 'treat'
form: 3sg.prs.infr.obj-sg
təmna lemma: təmna 'still'
form: adverb
translation: ”it seems like he just wanted to kill more wild reindeer,”
sʹan° lemma: sʹan° 'some''some'
form: adjective
yilʹebcʹə-m lemma: yilʹebcʹə° 'wild reindeer'
form: sg.acc
xada-wa-n°h lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: an-ipf.dat
xərwa-waki°. lemma: xərwa 'want'
form: 3sg.pst.prob
Xa-wa-rʹi-mta lemma: xa 'die'
form: an-ipf.acc.lim.poss-3sg
translation: ”(but) he only found death.”
lit. ʹonly his dyingʹ
xo-weda.” lemma: xo 'find'
form: 3sg.prs.infr.obj-sg
Nʹudʹa lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: Younger Waya went further along the bank of the river where willow bushes grew.
Wayə-r° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
nʹer°nʹah lemma: nʹer°nʹah 'forth'
form: adverb
ŋǣdaley°-q lemma: ŋǣdaley° 'start travel'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
nʹero lemma: nʹero 'willow bush'
form: sg.nom
yəxa-ko-h lemma: yəxa 'river'
form: sg.gen.dim
waru-wəna. lemma: war° 'bank'
form: sg.prol
Yəxa-ko-h lemma: yəxa 'river'
form: sg.gen.dim
translation: At the rivermouth there were two steep hills covered with snow.
nʹaqw°-xəna lemma: nʹaqw° 'entry'
form: sg.loc
sʹidʹa lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
sira-sawey° lemma: sira 'snow'
form: adjective
alt.analysis: sg.nom.propr
ləŋk° lemma: ləŋk° 'steep hill'
form: sg.nom
tənʹa-wex°h. lemma: tənʹa 'exist'
form: 3dl.prs.infr
Tǣw°-qma-xəd°nta lemma: tǣwi° 'arrive'
form: an-pf.abl.poss-3sg
translation: When he arrived, he saw two Tunguses (two painted faces) walking.
məneqŋa-da, lemma: məneq 'see'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
finite clause as a direct object (cf. N. 285, example 4b)
sʹidʹa lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
sʹaq lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
pad°-wi° lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
yadʹer-mex°h. lemma: yadʹer 'walk'
form: 3dl.prs.infr
| | 11: | Yekar°q, lemma: yekar°q 'it is unknown'
form: particle
translation: It wasn’t clear why they were walking;
xəqman-cʹ° lemma: xəqman 'what to say'
form: conv.mod
cf. N. 265
yadʹer-mi° lemma: yadʹer 'walk'
form: ptcp-pf
ŋǣ-b°qna-ntʹih, lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: cond-emph.poss-3dl
məsʹiq lemma: məsʹiq 'maybe'
form: particle
translation: maybe they were hunting?
xanʹe-wakex°h? lemma: xanʹe 'hunt'
form: 3dl.pst.prob
Təd°xəw°h lemma: təd° 'then'
form: adv.aff
translation: As soon as the two Tunguses saw the younger Waya, they readied their bows.
lit.: ʹand then, the two painted-faces, seeing the younger Waya, ready their bowsʹ
sʹidʹa lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
sʹaq lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
pad°-wi° lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
nʹudʹa lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
Way°-m lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.acc
məne-cʹ° lemma: məneq 'see'
form: conv.mod
ŋin°-tʹih lemma: ŋin° 'bow'
form: dl.acc.poss-3dl
nʹar°xəlaŋa-x°h. lemma: nʹar°xəla° 'make ready'
form: 3dl.prs
Nʹudʹa lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: What was younger Waya to do then?
lit. ʹwhat would W. wait for then?ʹ (?)
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: noun
tʹikawaxəna lemma: tʹukoxəna 'here'
form: adv.loc.aff
ŋəmke-n°h lemma: ŋəmke 'what'
form: sg.nom.dat
ŋətʹenə-ŋku? lemma: ŋətʹenə 'wait'
form: 3sg.fut
Ŋin°-mta lemma: ŋin° 'bow'
form: sg.acc.poss-3sg
translation: He pulled out also his bow,
ŋobtʹiki° lemma: ŋobtʹiki° 'also'
form: adverb
nek°lŋa-da, lemma: nek°lŋa 'pull out'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
sʹidʹa lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
translation: he pulled out two iron arrows.
yesʹa lemma: yesʹa 'iron'
form: adjective
muŋk°-m lemma: muŋk° 'arrow'
form: sg.acc
nek°lŋa. lemma: nek°lŋa 'pull out'
form: 3sg.prs
Sʹidʹa lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
translation: The ends of the two iron arrows (were) like seagull’s beaks.
yesʹa lemma: yesʹa 'iron'
form: adjective
muŋk° lemma: muŋk° 'arrow'
form: sg.nom
mal°-dʹih lemma: mal° 'end'
form: pl.gen.poss-3dl
xəlew°-h lemma: xəlew° 'seagull'
form: sg.gen
piya-rəxa-x°h. lemma: piya 'nose'
form: sg.nom.sim.pred-3dl
sic!
similative adjective with -rəxa: ʹnose-like, носовитъʹ
predicative nominal endings - N. 76
Sʹidʹa lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
translation: He shot two arrows.
muŋk°-m lemma: muŋk° 'arrow'
form: sg.acc
ŋǣd°taŋa-xəyu-da. lemma: ŋǣd°taŋa 'send'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-dl
Sʹud°-sawey° lemma: sʹud° 'whistle'
form: sg.nom.propr
translation: They went whistling.
xəya-x°h. lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: 3dl.prs
Sʹaq lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
translation: Where would the two painted-faces go?
pad°-wex°h lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf.dl
xənʹah lemma: xənʹah 'to where'
form: adv.dat
xan°təŋa-x°h? lemma: xanʹ° 'go'
form: 3dl.fut
| | 12: | Xa-sʹ° lemma: xa 'die'
form: conv.mod
translation: They fell on their backs dead.
lʹaseyə-x°h. lemma: lʹasi° 'lie'
form: 3dl.prs.refl
Nʹudʹa lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: The younger Waya went back.
Wayə-r° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
tʹax°h lemma: tʹax° 'back'
form: adv.dat
ŋǣdaley°-q. lemma: ŋǣdaley° 'start travel'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
Sʹanəd°h lemma: sʹanəd°h 'how much'
form: interrogative
translation: After travelling for a while, he arrived in a sloping land surrounded by a forest.
lit. ʹhowever much and far he would go...ʹ
xunəd°h lemma: xunəd°h 'how far'
form: interrogative
mʹim-pə-ta lemma: mʹim 'walk'
form: cond.poss-3sg
ŋod°q lemma: ŋod°q 'too'
form: adverb
pedara-h lemma: pedara 'forest'
form: sg.gen
yorka-n°h lemma: yorka 'curve'
form: sg.dat
tǣwi°-q. lemma: tǣwi° 'arrive'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
Pedara-h lemma: pedara 'forest'
form: sg.gen
translation: There were ten big tents in that sloping forested land.
york°-xəna lemma: yorka 'curve'
form: sg.loc
yūq lemma: yūq '10'
form: text numeral
ŋarka lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
mʹaq. lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: pl.nom
Yer-ki° lemma: yer 'middle'
form: adjective
translation: Somebody (was) sitting in front of the entrance of the middle tent.
mʹad°-h lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.gen
sʹīŋ-k°nʹa lemma: sʹīŋ 'side against an entrance'
form: sg.loc
ŋob lemma: ŋob '1'
form: text numeral
ŋamtʹo-da. lemma: ŋamtʹi 'sit'
form: ptcp-ipf
Sʹaq lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
translation: It seemed to be the Tungus chief;
pad°-wi° lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
yerw° lemma: yerw° 'master'
form: sg.nom
ŋǣ-daki°, lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.prs.prob
sʹa-ta lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
translation: his whole face (was) covered with tattoos.
mal°h lemma: mal°h 'all'
form: adjective
pad°r-cawey°. lemma: pad°r 'stripe, tattoo'
form: sg.nom.propr
Nʹudʹa lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: Younger Waya looked and thought:
lit. ʹyounger Waya, looking, said in his mind:ʹ
Wayə-r° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
siər-cʹ° lemma: siər 'look'
form: conv.mod
yī-x°nʹanta lemma: yī 'mind'
form: sg.loc.poss-3sg
ma lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.prs
“Tʹedaxəwah lemma: tʹedah 'now'
form: adv.aff
translation: “What would be best to do now?”
lit. ʹnow, how to be good?ʹ ??
xəcʹer°q lemma: xəcʹer°q 'how''how'
form: interrogative
me-sʹ° lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: conv.mod
səwa? lemma: səwa 'good'
form: adjective
Sʹaq lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
translation: ”If I start using my bow against the Tungus chief, will I defeat him?”
pad°-wi° lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
yerw°-m lemma: yerw° 'master'
form: sg.acc
ŋin°-xəna lemma: ŋin° 'bow'
form: sg.loc
pʹa-b°qna-nʹi lemma: pʹa 'begin'
form: cond-emph.poss-1sg
pʹir°dəqlʹe-ŋku-w°?” lemma: pʹir°dəqlʹe 'defeat'
form: 1sg.fut.obj-sg
| | 13: | Təd° lemma: təd° 'then'
form: adverb
translation: Then he prepared his bow.
ŋin°-mta lemma: ŋin° 'bow'
form: sg.acc.poss-3sg
nʹar°xəla°-da. lemma: nʹar°xəla° 'make ready'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
Muŋk°-da lemma: muŋk° 'arrow'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
translation: He only had six arrows.
mət°-poy°. lemma: mət°q '6'
form: text numeral
alt.analysis: sg.nom.moder
moderative -(m)poy°h: ”high degree of the property expressed by the adjective” (N. 135)
Ŋob lemma: ŋob '1'
form: text numeral
translation: The Tungus chief couldn’t be killed with a single arrow.
lit. ʹis not being killed/killable (оубиваемъ) with one arrowʹ ?
muŋk°-xəna lemma: muŋk° 'arrow'
form: sg.loc
sʹaq lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
pad°-wi° lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
yerw° lemma: yerw° 'master'
form: sg.nom
xada-bə-da lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: ptcp-ipf.dur
durative -bə (N. 45) in a present passive function (N. 240)
nʹī lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: negation particle
ŋaq. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: conneg
Mət°q lemma: mət°q '6'
form: text numeral
translation: Maybe he could kill him if he shot all six arrows.
muŋk°-xəna lemma: muŋk° 'arrow'
form: sg.loc
yenʹer-pə-ta lemma: yenʹer 'shoot'
form: cond.poss-3sg
məsʹiq lemma: məsʹiq 'maybe'
form: particle
xada-bcu-da. lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: 3sg.nec.obj-sg
necessitative -pcu: ”1st and 3rd person necessitative conveys expectation, some degree of certainty about a future event (‘should’), or deontic obligation” (N. 91)
Tʹedaxəw°h lemma: tʹedah 'now'
form: adv.aff
translation: Younger Waya tied up his reindeer,
nʹudʹa lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
tīda lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: pl.acc.poss-3sg
sʹarə°, lemma: sʹarə° 'tie'
form: 3sg.prs
təd° lemma: təd° 'then'
form: adverb
translation: he took his bow and arrows,
ŋin°-mta lemma: ŋin° 'bow'
form: sg.acc.poss-3sg
muŋk°-da lemma: muŋk° 'arrow'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
ŋobk°na lemma: ŋobk°na 'together, also'
form: adverb
nʹəqm°-wida, lemma: nʹəqm° 'grab'
form: 3sg.infr.obj-pl
mʹadoq lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: pl.gen
translation: and he went to hide amongst the tents.
nʹah lemma: nʹah 'to, with'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.dat
liŋkara-° lemma: liŋkara 'hide'
form: conv.mod
xəya. lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: 3sg.prs
Ŋulʹiq lemma: ŋulʹiq 'very'
form: adverb
translation: He moved very quietly so that nobody could hear any noise.
yana-mpo-ko-w°na lemma: yana 'quiet'
form: sg.nom.moder.dim
mʹiŋa, lemma: mʹiŋa 'move'
form: 3sg.prs
siŋk°rʹo-mta lemma: siŋk°rʹo 'news, noise'
form: sg.acc.poss-3sg
thus in Cyr., possessor is marked as 2sg by Nikolaeva (typo? poss-2sg suffix is -mt° on p.67)
nʹi-yi-cʹ° lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg.3pl.pst.subj
nəmt°-q. lemma: nəmt° 'hear'
form: conneg
Tə-h lemma: tə (2) 'then'
form: adv.gen
translation: The Tungus chief sat on his sledge,
yolcʹ°ŋkəna lemma: yolcʹ°ŋkəna 'during'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.loc
sʹaq lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
pad°-wi° lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
yerw° lemma: yerw° 'master'
form: sg.nom
xən°-h lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: sg.gen
nʹinʹa lemma: nʹinʹa 'on'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.loc
ŋamti°, lemma: ŋamtʹi 'sit'
form: 3sg.prs
yan°da-qm°na lemma: yan°da 'everywhere'
form: pl.prol
translation: he looked around.
si°sumpʹi. lemma: si°sumpʹi 'look around'
form: 3sg.prs
| | 14: | Ŋəmkexərt° lemma: ŋəmkexərt° 'nothing'
form: sg.nom.foc
translation: He didn’t seem to notice anything.
məne-ta-da lemma: məneq 'see'
form: ptcp-ipf.poss-3sg
yəŋko-dar°xa. lemma: yəŋku 'no'
form: neg.3sg.aprx-ipf
Təd° lemma: təd° 'then'
form: adverb
translation: Then he took off his overcoat,
so°kə-mta lemma: so°kə 'overcoat'
form: sg.acc.poss-3sg
yeka°-da, lemma: yeka° 'take off'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
mʹa-t°h lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.dat
translation: and he went into the tent.
tʹu°. lemma: tʹu 'enter'
form: 3sg.prs
Pʹīx°nʹa lemma: pʹīx°nʹa 'outside'
form: adv.loc
translation: There was absolutely no one walking around outside;
yadʹer-ta-doh lemma: yadʹer 'walk'
form: ptcp-ipf.poss-3pl
ŋulʹiq lemma: ŋulʹiq 'very'
form: adverb
yəŋku, lemma: yəŋku 'no'
form: neg
ŋob-kərt° lemma: ŋob '1'
form: text numeral
alt.analysis: sg.foc
translation: not a dog, not even a child.
wenʹako lemma: wenʹako 'dog'
form: sg.nom
ŋawey° lemma: ŋawey° 'even'
form: conjunction
ŋəcʹeki° lemma: ŋəcʹeki° 'child'
form: sg.nom
yadʹer-cʹ°. lemma: yadʹer 'walk'
form: conv.mod
”converbs do not occur in the independent function” (N. 110)
Nʹudʹa lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: Younger Waya, hiding amongst the sledges, reached the middle tent.
Wayə-r° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
xənoq lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: pl.gen
pom°na lemma: pom°na 'between'
form: preposition
liŋkarʹo-° lemma: liŋkara 'hide'
form: conv.mod
yer-ki° lemma: yer 'middle'
form: adjective
mʹa-t°h lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.dat
tǣwi°-q. lemma: tǣwi° 'arrive'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
Tʹorʹey°-q lemma: tʹorʹ 'shout'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
translation: He shouted:
“Sʹaq lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
translation: “Tungus chief, will you die in your tent?”
pad°-wi° lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
yerweq, lemma: yerw° 'master'
form: sg.nom.foc
thus in Cyr.!
mʹa-k°nant° lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.loc.poss-2sg
xa-sʹ° lemma: xa 'die'
form: conv.mod
pʹa-ŋku-r°, lemma: pʹa 'begin'
form: 2sg.fut.obj-sg
pʹīn°h lemma: pʹīn°h 'out'
form: adv.dat
translation: “(or) will you come out?”
tərp°-ŋku-n°?” lemma: tərp° 'exit'
form: 2sg.fut
Mʹad°-h lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.gen
translation: He heard shouting inside the tent:
lit. ʹinside the tent, (there was) his shouting to hearʹ ?
mʹunʹa lemma: mʹunʹa 'inside'
form: adv.loc
tʹor° lemma: tʹorʹ 'shout'
form: 3sg.prs
so-wono-nta: lemma: so (2) 'hear'
form: 3sg.prs.aud.poss-3sg
auditive -manoh: evidential, ”auditory perceptions, as opposed to information received based on visual evidence” (N. 113), a non-finite form!
“Xībʹa lemma: xībʹa 'who'
form: sg.nom
translation: “Who’s there?”
to°? lemma: to 'there'
form: adverb
Nʹer°q lemma: nʹer°q 'before'
form: adverb
translation: “There was nobody outside before!”
pʹīx°na lemma: pʹīx°nʹa 'outside'
form: adv.loc
xībʹaxərt° lemma: xībʹaxərt° 'nobody'
form: sg.nom
yəŋku-sʹ°!” lemma: yəŋku 'no'
form: neg.pst
| | 15: | “Xībʹa lemma: xībʹa 'who'
form: sg.nom
translation: “Who comes?”
tūtə°? lemma: to° 'come'
form: 3sg.fut
Nʹudʹa lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: “Your younger Waya is there!”
Wayə-r° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
to°. lemma: to 'there'
form: adverb
Nʹe°ka-mʹi lemma: nʹe°ka 'elder brother'
form: sg.nom/acc.poss-1sg
translation: ”What were you doing, Tungus chief, when you killed my older brother?”
lit. ʹby killing my brother, o painted-face chief, what were you like?ʹ
xada-wa-xəna lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: an-ipf.loc
pidər°, lemma: pidər 'you'
form: 2sg.nom
sʹaq lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
pad°-wi° lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
yerw°-ŋe°, lemma: yerw° 'master'
form: sg.nom.ess
ŋəmke-r°xa-nə-sʹ°. lemma: ŋəmke 'what'
form: sg.nom.sim
alt.analysis: 2sg.pst
Tʹedaxəw°h lemma: tʹedah 'now'
form: adv.aff
translation: ”Now I’ll find out what kind of person you are.”
məne-t°-q lemma: məneq 'see'
form: conneg.fut
nʹī-wə=m°h lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg.1sg.prs.obj-sg
alt.analysis: dub
xurka-n° lemma: xurka 'which, what kind of'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
ŋǣ-ŋko-bə-t°.” lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: cond-fut.dur.poss-2sg
Nikolaeva commonly glosses imperfectivizing affixes as durative (-mpə or -bə), iterative and frequentative (N. 45) simply as ”impf”.
Sʹaq lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
translation: The Tungus jumped out.
pad°-wi° lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
pʹīn°h lemma: pʹīn°h 'out'
form: adv.dat
təra°-da. lemma: təra° 'jump'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
Sʹudobʹa lemma: sʹudobʹa 'giant'
form: adjective
translation: He pulled out his giant bow to shoot.
lit. ʹfor his shootingʹ (стрѣлꙗнїа своего ради)
ŋin°-mta lemma: ŋin° 'bow'
form: sg.acc.poss-3sg
nek°lŋa-da lemma: nek°lŋa 'pull out'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
yenʹer-ma-n-ta lemma: yenʹer 'shoot'
form: an-ipf.gen.poss-3sg
yeqm°nʹa. lemma: yeqm°nʹa 'for'
form: preposition
Məlʹe° lemma: məlʹe° 'already'
form: adverb
translation: He was about to loose an arrow, but the string of his bow broke.
ŋob lemma: ŋob '1'
form: text numeral
muŋk°-m lemma: muŋk° 'arrow'
form: sg.acc
ŋǣdta-ŋku-sʹ°, lemma: ŋǣd°taŋa 'send'
form: 3sg.fut-pst
N.: ŋǣdara-ŋku-sʹ°
ŋin°ta lemma: ŋin° 'bow'
form: sg.gen.poss-3sg
yen° lemma: yen° 'string'
form: sg.nom
nik°li. lemma: nik°li 'break'
form: 3sg.prs
Tə-h lemma: tə (2) 'then'
form: sg.gen
translation: Younger Waya shot a metal arrow without delay.
lit. ʹduring this (at the same time), your younger Waya, not delaying, shoots a metal arrowʹ
yolcʹ°ŋkəna lemma: yolcʹ°ŋkəna 'during'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.loc
nʹudʹa lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
Wayə-r° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
nʹī-sʹ° lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg.3sg.pst
yaholara-q lemma: yaholara 'be late'
form: conneg
sic
yesʹa lemma: yesʹa 'iron'
form: adjective
| | 16: | muŋk°-xəna lemma: muŋk° 'arrow'
form: sg.loc
yada°-da. lemma: yada° 'shoot'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
Muŋk°-da lemma: muŋk° 'arrow'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
translation: And his arrow went whistling off.
ŋanʹih lemma: ŋanʹih 'more'
form: adverb
sʹud°-sawey° lemma: sʹud° 'whistle'
form: sg.nom.propr
xəya. lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: 3sg.prs
Sʹaq lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
translation: The Tungus chief fell on his back.
pad°-wi° lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
yerw°-qya lemma: yerw° 'master'
form: sg.nom.aug
tərʹi lemma: tərʹi 'just'
form: adverb
lʹasey°-q lemma: lʹasi° 'lie'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
məxa-nta lemma: məxa 'back'
form: sg.gen.poss-3sg
nʹih. lemma: nʹih 'onto'
form: adv.dat
Xa-wa-nta lemma: xa 'die'
form: an-ipf.gen.poss-3sg
translation: He said before dying:
lit. ʹbefore his dyingʹ, the word glossed as ”inf.impf” by Nikolaeva
nʹer°nʹa lemma: nʹer°nʹana 'before'
form: adverb
ma: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.prs
“Xumpa°ncʹiq lemma: xumpa°ncʹih 'in vain'
form: adverb
translation: ”A shame I let you go (lit. sent).”
sʹit° lemma: pidər 'you'
form: 2sg.gen/acc (short)
ŋǣdara-dəm-cʹ°. lemma: ŋǣdara 'send'
form: 1sg.pst
Nʹe°ka-mt° lemma: nʹe°ka 'elder brother'
form: sg.acc.poss-2sg
translation: ”I should have killed you too, when I killed your elder brother.”
lit. ʹduring the killing of your brother, I have had to kill you tooʹ
xada-wa-nʹi lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: an-ipf.gen.poss-1sg
malʹ°ŋkəna lemma: malʹ°ŋkəna 'during'
form: adv.loc
sʹit° lemma: pidər 'you'
form: 2sg.gen/acc (short)
ŋobtərʹem lemma: ŋobtərʹem 'so, too'
form: adverb
xada-° lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: conv.mod
taraə-sʹ°. lemma: taraə 'need'
form: 3sg.pst
Tʹedaxəw°h lemma: tʹedah 'now'
form: adv.aff
translation: ”It looks like I’m about to die.”
xa-w°ntar°xa-d°m.” lemma: xa 'die'
form: 1sg.fut.aprx
Tʹiki° lemma: tʹiki° 'this'
form: demonstrative
translation: Having said these words, the Tungus chief died.
wadʹi-da lemma: wadʹi 'word'
form: pl.nom/acc.poss-3sg
me-soma-x°dənta lemma: me 'use, take'
form: an-pf.abl.poss-3sg
sʹaq lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
pad°-wi° lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
yerw° lemma: yerw° 'master'
form: sg.nom
xa°. lemma: xa 'die'
form: 3sg.prs
Nʹudʹa lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: The younger Waya shouted:
lit. ʹsent a shoutʹ
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
tʹor°-m lemma: tʹorʹ 'shout'
form: sg.acc
ŋǣdara°: lemma: ŋǣdara 'send'
form: 3sg.prs
“Yūq lemma: yūq '10'
form: text numeral
translation: “Everyone in these ten tents, come out!”
mʹad°-h lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.gen
tʹer°-q, lemma: tʹer° 'content'
form: pl.nom
”The expression of content often involves the additional word tʹer° roughly meaning ‘content’. It stands after the genitive noun denoting a container and functions as some kind of postposition in this case.” (N. 164)
| | 17: | pʹīn°h lemma: pʹīn°h 'out'
form: adv.dat
tərpi°-daq! lemma: tərp° 'exit'
form: 2pl.imp
Tʹedaxəwah lemma: tʹedah 'now'
form: adv.aff
translation: “Now, your chief is no more.”
yerw°-raq lemma: yerw° 'master'
form: sg.nom.poss-2pl
məlʹe° lemma: məlʹe° 'already'
form: adverb
yəŋku-ma. lemma: yəŋku 'no'
form: neg.inch
Tʹuku° lemma: tʹiki° 'this'
form: demonstrative
translation: “Move away from this land, quickly!”
ya-xəd° lemma: ya 'place'
form: sg.abl
mʹer°-h lemma: mʹer° 'fast'
form: adv.gen
yamta-yi-daq! lemma: yamta 'move'
form: 2pl.conj.refl
Tʹuku° lemma: tʹiki° 'this'
form: demonstrative
translation: “This is probably the Wayas’ ancient land.”
ya lemma: ya 'place'
form: sg.nom
ŋaxət° lemma: ŋaxət° 'before'
form: adv.abl
way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
ya lemma: ya 'place'
form: sg.nom
ŋǣ-daki°. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.prs.prob
Nʹi-b°-ta lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg.cond.poss-3sg
translation: “If you don’t leave, everybody in the camp will die.”
lit. ʹwill killʹ ??
the verb is clearly a transitive one
yamta-q lemma: yamta 'move'
form: conneg
mal°h lemma: mal°h 'all'
form: adjective
ŋīsi-h lemma: ŋeso 'camp'
form: sg.gen
tʹer° lemma: tʹer° 'content'
form: sg.nom
xada-ŋku-n°.” lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: 2sg.fut
Təd°xəw°h lemma: tʹedah 'now'
form: adv.aff
translation: Then the younger Waya went to the outermost tent.
nʹudʹa lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
wari° lemma: wari° 'outermost'
form: adjective
mʹa-t°h lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.dat
xəya. lemma: xaya
form: 3sg.prs
Wari° lemma: wari° 'outermost'
form: adjective
translation: There was an old woman in this outermost tent,
mʹa-k°na lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.loc
puxucʹa-ko=nʹuq, lemma: puxucʹa 'old woman, wife'
form: sg.nom.dim
alt.analysis: excl
sʹa-ta lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
translation: her face was without tattoos.
pad°r-cʹi. lemma: pad°r 'stripe, tattoo'
form: 3sg.prs
alt.analysis: sg.nom.car
caritive (abessive) derivate, inflected form: ʹbe without ...ʹ (N. 37)
Yed°-m lemma: yed° 'kettle'
form: sg.acc
translation: She seemed to be cooking.
pʹirʹe-wi°. lemma: pʹirʹe 'cook'
form: 3sg.prs.infr
Waqw°-xəna lemma: waqw 'bed'
form: sg.loc
translation: Somebody was lying on the bed,
ŋob lemma: ŋob '1'
form: text numeral
xonʹo-da lemma: xonʹo 'sleep'
form: ptcp-ipf
yūsʹidaə-sʹ°, lemma: yūsʹida 'lie'
form: 3sg.prs
alt.analysis: 3sg.pst
sic
yil°ŋi° lemma: yil°ŋi° 'young'
form: adjective
translation: it seemed like a young man.
xasawa lemma: xasawa 'man'
form: sg.nom
ŋǣ-dar°xa=nʹuq. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.prs.aprx-ipf
alt.analysis: excl
| | 18: | Nʹudʹa lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: When the younger Waya entered the tent, the old woman started waking up the sleeping one:
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
mʹa-t°h lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.dat
omitted in Nikolaeva’s transcript
tʹu-ma-xəd° lemma: tʹu 'enter'
form: an-pf.abl
puxucʹa-ko-r° lemma: puxucʹa 'old woman, wife'
form: sg.nom.dim.poss-2sg
xonʹo-da-mta lemma: xonʹo 'sleep'
form: ptcp-ipf.acc.poss-3sg
yurk°bta-° lemma: yurkiə 'wake up'
form: conv.mod
pʹa°-da: lemma: pʹa 'begin'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
“Yurkə-d°q, lemma: yurkiə 'wake up'
form: 2sg.imp.refl
translation: “Wake up,”
yexara-na lemma: yexara 'not know'
form: ptcp-ipf
translation: “there’s a stranger here!”
nʹenecʹ°h lemma: nʹenecʹ 'person, human'
form: sg.gen
glossed without a case
to°!” lemma: to° 'come'
form: 3sg.prs
Xonʹo-wi° lemma: xonʹo 'sleep'
form: ptcp-pf
translation: The man who had been sleeping sat up.
xasawa-r° lemma: xasawa 'man'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
ŋamtʹo-° lemma: ŋamtʹi 'sit'
form: conv.mod
xaqmi°-q. lemma: xaqmor 'fall'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
Sʹaq lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
translation: He didn’t seem to have any tattoos either.
pad°-wi° lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
ŋobtərʹem lemma: ŋobtərʹem 'so, too'
form: adverb
nʹi-wi° lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg.3sg.infr
alt.analysis: ptcp-pf
ŋaq. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: conneg
Nʹudʹa lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: Younger Waya sat on the bed.
Wayə-r° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
waqwə-n°h lemma: waqw 'bed'
form: sg.dat
ŋamti°-q. lemma: ŋamti
form: 3sg.prs.refl
Yil°ŋi° lemma: yil°ŋi° 'young'
form: adjective
translation: The young man said:
xasawa-r° lemma: xasawa 'man'
form: sg.nom
ma: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.prs
“Ŋəmke lemma: ŋəmke 'what'
form: sg.nom
translation: “What tribe are you?”
lit. ʹwhat is your person(hood)ʹ, i.e. ʹwho are youʹ ?
nʹenecʹant°?” lemma: nʹenecʹ 'person, human'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
“Mənʹ° lemma: mənʹ 'I'
form: 1sg.nom
translation: (Younger Waya said:) “I am the younger Waya.”
nʹudʹa lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
Wayə-d°m lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
alt.analysis: 1sg.prs
ŋǣ-q lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: conneg
nʹī-dəm°q. lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg.1sg.prs
alt.analysis: foc
Pidər° lemma: pidər 'you'
form: 2sg.nom
translation: “And what tribe are you?”
Nikolaeva: ʹAnd who are you?ʹ
ŋanʹih lemma: ŋanʹih 'more'
form: adverb
ŋəmke lemma: ŋəmke 'what'
form: sg.nom
nʹenecʹant°?” lemma: nʹenecʹ 'person, human'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
“Tʹexe lemma: tʹexe 'that'
form: sg.nom
translation: (Young man answered:) “My old tribe was probably Waya.”
paŋk°-mʹi lemma: paŋk° 'tribe'
form: sg.nom.poss-1sg
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
ŋǣ-daki°. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.prs.prob
| | 19: | Nʹu-mʹi lemma: nʹu 'name'
form: sg.nom.poss-1sg
translation: “My name is Lobeku.”
Lobeku.” lemma: Lobeku
form: noun
“Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
translation: (Younger Waya asked:) “If you are Waya, how did you end up in this camp, the Tungus camp?”
ŋǣ-b°qna-nt° lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: cond-emph.poss-2sg
xəcʹer°q lemma: xəcʹer°q 'how''how'
form: interrogative
yerʹemʹa-n° lemma: yerʹemʹa 'happen (to come?)'
form: 2sg.prs
tʹuku° lemma: tʹuku 'this'
form: demonstrative
ŋīsi-n°h, lemma: ŋeso 'camp'
form: sg.dat
sʹaq lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
pad°-wi°-h lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf.gen
ŋīsi-n°h?” lemma: ŋeso 'camp'
form: sg.dat
“Ŋaw°na-nta lemma: ŋaw°na 'past'
form: adv.poss-3sg
translation: (Lobeku said:) “Long ago I had two elder brothers, both Wayas.”
sʹidʹa lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
nʹe°ka-mʹi lemma: nʹe°ka 'elder brother'
form: sg.nom/acc.poss-1sg
tənʹa-wesʹ°. lemma: tənʹa 'exist'
form: 3sg.pst.infr
Yilʹebcʹəye lemma: yilʹebcʹə° 'wild reindeer'
form: pl.gen
translation: “They went to hunt for wild reindeer.”
nʹam°na lemma: nʹamna 'about'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.abl
xanʹe-wəncʹ° lemma: xanʹe 'hunt'
form: conv.purp
xəya-xən-cʹ°. lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: 3dl.pst
Təd° lemma: təd° 'then'
form: adverb
translation: “When they left, they never came back.”
xǣ-b°qnan-tʹih lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: cond-emph.poss-3dl
pir°dərʹih lemma: pir°də 'back'
form: adv.lim
nʹi-xən-cʹ° lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg.3dl.pst
tuq. lemma: to° 'come'
form: conneg
Xənʹax°wana lemma: xənʹax°wana 'somewhere'
form: adverb
translation: “They must have died somewhere.”
yəŋku-mex°h. lemma: yəŋku 'no'
form: neg.3dl.prs.infr
Təd° lemma: təd° 'then'
form: adverb
translation: “After that the Tungus chief came,”
tʹikaxəd° lemma: tʹiki° 'this'
form: sg.abl
sʹaq lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
pad°-wi° lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
yerw° lemma: yerw° 'master'
form: sg.nom
to-sʹ°, lemma: to° 'come'
form: 3sg.pst
sʹid°-nʹih lemma: sʹid° 'we (2)'
form: 1dl.acc
translation: “(and) he took us in.”
xanaə-sʹ°. lemma: xana 'take'
form: 3sg.pst
Ŋədʹ°bʹa-nʹi lemma: ŋədʹ°bʹa 'therefore'
form: adv.poss-1sg
translation: “That’s why I live in this camp with my mother now.”
tʹedah lemma: tʹedah 'now'
form: adverb
nʹebʹa-nʹi lemma: nʹebʹa 'mother'
form: sg.gen.poss-1sg
nʹah lemma: nʹah 'to, with'
form: preposition
”grammaticalized non-local meaning ʹwithʹ” (N. 52)
tʹuku° lemma: tʹuku 'this'
form: demonstrative
ŋīsi-x°na lemma: ŋeso 'camp'
form: sg.loc
yilʹe-d°m.” lemma: yilʹe 'live'
form: 1sg.prs
Nʹudʹa lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: Younger Waya said:
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
ma-q lemma: ma 'say'
form: conneg
nʹi=w°h: lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg
alt.analysis: dub
“Tʹedaxəw°h lemma: tʹedah 'now'
form: adv.aff
translation: “I have killed all the Tungus now.”
lit. ʹall our Tungusʹ ?
sʹaq lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
pad°-wi°-nʹi lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf.poss-1pl
| | 20: | mal°h lemma: mal°h 'all'
form: adjective
xadeyə-nə-sʹ°. lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: 1sg.pst.obj-pl
Pidər° lemma: pidər°
form: 2sg.nom
translation: “You take down your tent,”
ŋanʹih lemma: ŋanʹih 'more'
form: adverb
mʹa-l° lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.nom.poss-2sg
xaqw°ra-d°, lemma: xaqw°ra° 'bundle'
form: 2sg.imp
yamta-x°-waq!” lemma: yamta 'move'
form: 1pl.hort
translation: “(and) let’s move on.”
Puxucʹa-ko lemma: puxucʹa 'old woman, wife'
form: sg.nom.dim
translation: The old woman ate some food or maybe not, but she took down the tent.
yed°-mta lemma: yed° 'kettle'
form: sg.acc.poss-3sg
ŋəm-taki°, lemma: ŋəm 'eat'
form: 3sg.prs.prob
nʹi-nʹaki°, lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg.3sg.prs.prob
təd° lemma: təd° 'then'
form: adverb
mʹa-ta lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.acc.poss-3sg
xaqw°ra°. lemma: xaqw°ra° 'bundle'
form: 3sg.prs
Nʹudʹa lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: Younger Waya ordered:
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
tabʹeda°-da: lemma: tabʹeda° 'order'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
“Lobeku, lemma: Lobeku
form: noun
translation: “Lobeku, if you have good reindeer, only good reindeer should be harnessed in our caravan.”
lit. ʹour caravan should be harnessed by good reindeer onlyʹ ?
səwa lemma: səwa 'good'
form: adjective
tīt° lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: pl.gen
tən°a-b°q lemma: tənʹa 'exist'
form: cond.poss-3sg
mʹūd°-waq lemma: mʹūd° 'caravan'
form: sg.nom.poss-1pl
səwa-rʹi lemma: səwa 'good'
form: adjective
alt.analysis: sg.nom.lim
tex°qna lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: pl.loc
podʹer-mi° lemma: podʹer 'harness'
form: ptcp-pf
ŋǣ°-ya. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.juss
Tay°kuna lemma: tay°kuna 'there'
form: adv.loc
translation: “There are some good sledges over there.”
səwa lemma: səwa 'good'
form: adjective
xən°-q lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: pl.nom
tənʹa°-q. lemma: tənʹa 'exist'
form: 3pl.prs
Tʹiki° lemma: tʹiki° 'this'
form: demonstrative
translation: “Choose a sledge for yourself from among those sledges.”
xən°-xət° lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: pl.abl
xən°-də-r° lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: sg.nom.predest-2sg
soda-q!” lemma: soda° 'take along'
form: 2sg.imp
Lobeku lemma: Lobeku
form: noun
translation: Lobeku took ten sledges, ten Tungus sledges.
yūq lemma: yūq '10'
form: text numeral
xən°-m lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: sg.acc
soda°, lemma: soda° 'take along'
form: 3sg.prs
yūq lemma: yūq '10'
form: text numeral
tuŋkos°-h lemma: tuŋkos° 'Tungus'
form: sg.gen
xən°-m. lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: sg.acc
Tīda lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: pl.acc.poss-3d
translation: He harnessed his reindeer.
podʹer-yə-da. lemma: podʹer 'harness'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-pl
| | 21: | Nʹudʹa lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: Younger Waya said:
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
ma: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.prs
“Sʹaq lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
translation: “No matter how many reindeer the Tungus had, let them walk behind our caravan.”
pad°-winʹi lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf.gen.poss-1sg
ti-q lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: pl.nom
sʹaŋok° lemma: sʹaŋok° 'how many'
form: interrogative
ŋǣ-sa, lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.inter
interrogative mood (N. 97)
təŋok° lemma: təŋok° 'this many'
form: relative
mʹūd°-naq lemma: mʹūd° 'caravan'
form: sg.gen.poss-1pl
pūmna lemma: pūmna 'behind'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.loc
tana-wi° lemma: tana 'walk'
form: ptcp-pf
ŋǣ°-ya-q. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3pl.juss
Sʹaq lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
translation: “The Tungus usually have many reindeer,”
pad°-wi°-q lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf.pl.gen
tīdoh lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: pl.nom.poss-3pl
ŋoka lemma: ŋoka 'many'
form: adjective
ŋǣ-sʹ°ti-q. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3pl.hab
Tʹuku° lemma: tʹuku 'this'
form: demonstrative
translation: “(but) all these reindeer were probably stolen.”
ti-q lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: pl.nom
mal°h lemma: mal°h 'all'
form: adjective
talʹe-wi° lemma: talʹe 'steal'
form: ptcp-pf
ŋǣ-daki°-q. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3pl.prs.prob
Ŋədʹ°bʹa-nʹi lemma: ŋədʹ°bʹa 'therefore'
form: adverb
translation: “That’s why I say that it would be best to take them all away.”
ma-d°m, lemma: ma 'say'
form: 1sg.prs
mal°h lemma: mal°h 'all'
form: adjective
xana-b°q lemma: xana 'take'
form: cond.poss-3sg
səwa.” lemma: səwa 'good'
form: adjective
Təd° lemma: təd° 'then'
form: adverb
translation: Then they moved on.
yamteyə-d°q. lemma: yamta 'move'
form: 3pl.prs.refl
Nʹudʹa lemma: nʹudʹa 'little'
form: adjective
translation: Younger Waya reached (the place where) his murdered brother lay.
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
xada-wi° lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: ptcp-pf
nʹe°ka-xənta lemma: nʹe°ka 'elder brother'
form: sg.dat.poss-3sg
tǣwi°-q. lemma: tǣwi° 'arrive'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
Tīda lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: pl.acc.poss-3sg
translation: He unharnessed his reindeer,
ŋǣda°, lemma: ŋǣda° 'unharness'
form: 3sg.prs
xalmʹer°-mta lemma: xalmʹer° 'corpse'
form: sg.acc.poss-3sg
translation: (and) he put the dead body on the sledge.
xən°-h lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: sg.gen
nʹih lemma: nʹih 'onto'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.dat
peŋa-da. lemma: peŋa 'put'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
Təd° lemma: təd° 'then'
form: adverb
translation: After a while they reached older Waya’s camp.
tʹika-xəd° lemma: tʹiki° 'this'
form: sg.abl
ŋəmke-h lemma: ŋəmke 'what'
form: sg.gen
yolcʹ°ŋkəna lemma: yolcʹ°ŋkəna 'during'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.loc
ŋarka lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
Way°-h lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.gen
ŋīsi-n°h lemma: ŋeso 'camp'
form: sg.dat
tǣwiə-d°q. lemma: tǣwi° 'arrive'
form: 3pl.prs.refl
| | 22: | Xalmʹerə-mtoh lemma: xalmʹer° 'corpse'
form: sg.acc.poss-3pl
translation: They put the dead body onto two skins.
sʹidʹa lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
xoba-h lemma: xoba 'skin'
form: sg.gen
nʹih lemma: nʹih 'onto'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.dat
peŋa-doh. lemma: peŋa 'put'
form: 3pl.prs.obj-sg
Lobeku-h lemma: Lobeku
form: sg.gen
translation: Lobeku’s mother said:
nʹebʹa lemma: nʹebʹa 'mother'
form: sg.nom
ma: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.prs
“Ŋəmcʹida lemma: ŋəmcʹida 'flesh, muscles'
form: sg.nom
translation: “His muscles are still good.”
təmna lemma: təmna 'still'
form: adverb
səwa-q. lemma: səwa 'good'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
Xəd°rʹih lemma: xəd°rʹih 'of course'
form: adv.dat.lim
translation: “I might try to revive him.”
yilʹe-btʹe-° lemma: yilʹe 'live'
form: conv.mod.caus
xorta-nakew°. lemma: xorta 'try'
form: 1sg.prs.prob.obj-sg
Tʹedaxəw°h lemma: tʹedah 'now'
form: adv.aff
translation: “Make a big fire now!”
ŋarka lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
tu-d°-mdaq lemma: tu 'fire'
form: sg.acc.predest-2pl
pʹata°-daq!” lemma: pʹata 'ignite'
form: 2pl.imp
Ŋarka lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: They made a big fire.
tu-mtoh lemma: tu 'fire'
form: sg.acc.poss-3pl
pʹata°-q. lemma: pʹata 'ignite'
form: 3pl.prs
Tʹikawaxəna lemma: tʹiki° 'this'
form: sg.nom.aff
translation: Then Lobeku’s mother laid herself on the dead body,
Lobeku-h lemma: Lobeku
form: sg.gen
nʹebʹa lemma: nʹebʹa 'mother'
form: sg.nom
xalmʹer-nta lemma: xalmʹer
form: sg.gen.poss-3sg
nʹih lemma: nʹih 'onto'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.dat
pintʹery°-q, lemma: pintʹery° 'lay'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
təd° lemma: təd° 'then'
form: cc
translation: and she kicked around its flanks.
xǣw°xe-ta lemma: xǣw°xe 'be aside'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
ptcp-ipf ?
nʹamna lemma: nʹamna 'about'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.abl
suxubta°-da. lemma: suxubta° 'kick'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
Xa-wi° lemma: xa 'die'
form: ptcp-pf
translation: The dead man moved his arms and legs,
nʹenecʹ°h lemma: nʹenecʹ 'person, human'
form: sg.gen
ŋudʹi-da lemma: ŋudʹi 'arm'
form: pl.acc.poss-3sg
ŋǣ-da lemma: ŋǣ (2) 'leg'
form: pl.acc.poss-3sg
məncabte-y°-da, lemma: məncabte 'move'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-pl
sǣw°-da lemma: sǣw° 'eye'
form: pl.acc.poss-3sg
translation: and he opened his eyes.
nʹaŋk°rŋa. lemma: nʹaŋk°rŋa 'open'
form: 3sg.prs
Lobeku-h lemma: Lobeku
form: sg.gen
translation: Lobeku’s mother said:
nʹebʹa lemma: nʹebʹa 'mother'
form: sg.nom
ma: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.prs
“Təmna-rka. lemma: təmna 'still'
form: adv.comp
translation: “It’s not over yet.”
comparative -rka: comparison, low intensity (N. 133)
| | 23: | Ŋarka lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: “Let him lie in the heat of the big fire.”
tu-h lemma: tu 'fire'
form: sg.gen
yadʹo-xəna lemma: yadʹo 'heat'
form: sg.loc
yūsʹida°-ya. lemma: yūsʹida 'lie'
form: 3sg.juss
Pūna lemma: pūna 'after'
form: adv.loc
translation: “Later he will sit up himself.”
xər°-ta lemma: xər° 'self'
form: refl.3sg
ŋamtʹo-° lemma: ŋamtʹi 'sit'
form: conv.mod
xaqm°-cu-q.” lemma: xaqmor 'fall'
form: 3sg.nec.refl
Ŋəmke-h lemma: ŋəmke 'what'
form: sg.gen
translation: After a while older Waya sat up.
yolcʹ°ŋkəna lemma: yolcʹ°ŋkəna 'during'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.loc
ŋarka lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
ŋamtʹo-° lemma: ŋamtʹi 'sit'
form: conv.mod
xaqmi°-q. lemma: xaqmor 'fall'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
Yilʹe-na lemma: yilʹe 'live'
form: ptcp-ipf
translation: He came back to life.
lit. ʹhe went in likeness of a living manʹ ?
nʹenecʹ°h lemma: nʹenecʹ 'person, human'
form: sg.gen
toql°xa-ŋe° lemma: toql°xa 'like'
form: sg.nom.ess
xəya. lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: 3sg.prs
Lobeku-h lemma: Lobeku
form: sg.gen
translation: Lobeku’s mother said:
nʹebʹa lemma: nʹebʹa 'mother'
form: sg.nom
ma: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.prs
“Ŋarka lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: “I have brought older Waya back to life.”
Way°-mʹi lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.acc.poss-1sg
yilʹe-btʹe°-wə-sʹ°. lemma: yilʹe 'live'
form: 1sg.prs.caus.obj-sg
Ŋotaŋoq lemma: ŋotaŋoq 'anyway'
form: particle
translation: “But in any case I myself won’t live long.”
xər°q-n° lemma: xər° 'self'
form: refl.1sg
pon°ku-h lemma: pon°ku 'long'
form: adv.dat
yilʹe-wənta-d°m lemma: yilʹe 'live'
form: ptcp-fut.poss-1sg
wunʹi-d°m lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg.1sg
ŋaq. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: conneg
Xəd°rʹih lemma: xəd°rʹih 'of course'
form: adv.dat.lim
translation: “I will probably die.”
xa-w°ntar°xa-d°m. lemma: xa 'die'
form: 1sg.fut.aprx
Xa-b°qna-nʹi lemma: xa 'die'
form: cond-emph.poss-1sg
translation: “When I die, that tent over there will be used as my death bed.”
lit. ʹin case of my dying, I may use ...ʹ
tay°kuy° lemma: tay°kuy° 'that'
form: demonstrative
mʹaq-mʹi lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.acc.poss-1sg
mʹaron-tə-nʹi lemma: mʹaron 'dying tent'
form: sg.gen.predest-1sg
me-bcakew°. lemma: me 'use, take'
form: 1sg.pot.obj-sg
potential mood: 1st person expresses a promise for event in a remote time, a mere possibility (N. 92)
| | 24: | Mənʹ° lemma: mənʹ 'I'
form: 1sg.nom
translation: “After I die, kill a reindeer calf by the door of my tent,”
xa-qma-xəd°nʹi lemma: xa 'die'
form: an-pf.abl.poss-1sg
mʹaq-nʹi lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.gen.poss-1sg
nʹo-x°na lemma: nʹo 'door'
form: sg.loc
ŋob lemma: ŋob '1'
form: text numeral
su°qlʹa-ko-m lemma: su°qlʹa 'calf'
form: sg.acc.dim
xada-yi-daq, lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: 2pl.subj
sʹī°-h lemma: sʹīŋ 'side against an entrance'
form: sg.gen
translation: “(and) kill a reindeer bull at the side on entrance.”
nʹana lemma: nʹa 'at'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.loc
ŋob lemma: ŋob '1'
form: text numeral
xora-m lemma: xora 'bull'
form: sg.acc
xada-yi-daq. lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: 2pl.subj
Tʹika-nta lemma: tʹiki° 'this'
form: sg.gen.poss-3sg
translation: “That will be enough.”
masʹ° lemma: masʹ° 'enough'
form: adverb
ŋǣ-ŋku. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.fut
Mənʹ° lemma: mənʹ 'I'
form: 1sg.nom
translation: “I will become a spirit protector for women.”
lit. ʹI will go further as a spirit-grannyʹ ?
ŋanʹih lemma: ŋanʹih 'more'
form: adverb
yamʹīnʹa lemma: yamʹīnʹa 'female spirit'
form: sg.nom
puxucʹa-ŋe° lemma: puxucʹa 'old woman, wife'
form: sg.nom.ess
xan°təə-d°m.” lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: 1sg.fut
Tʹi lemma: tʹi 'this, thus'
form: demonstrative
translation: That’s what they did.
tərʹem lemma: tərʹem 'so'
form: particle
sʹerta°-doh. lemma: sʹerta 'do'
form: 3pl.prs.obj-sg
Tərʹem lemma: tərʹem 'so'
form: particle
translation: After that, older Waya said:
sʹerta-ma-x°dən-toh lemma: sʹerta 'do'
form: an-pf.abl.poss-3pl
ŋarka lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
ma: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.prs
“Xəd°rʹih lemma: xəd°rʹih 'of course'
form: adv.dat.lim
translation: “We’ll definitely move on.”
yamta-ŋku-naq. lemma: yamta 'move'
form: 1pl.fut.refl
Tʹedaxəw°h lemma: tʹedah 'now'
form: adv.aff
translation: “We have many reindeer now,”
tīnaq lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: pl.nom.poss-1pl
ŋoka=nʹuq, lemma: ŋoka 'many'
form: adjective
alt.analysis: excl
nʹesey° lemma: nʹesey° 'new'
form: adjective
translation: “it would be best to move on.”
ya-n°h lemma: ya 'place'
form: sg.dat
yamta-b°q lemma: yamta 'move'
form: cond
səwa. lemma: səwa 'good'
form: adjective
Təd° lemma: təd° 'then'
form: adverb
translation: So they moved on.
yamteyə-d°q. lemma: yamteyə 'move on'
form: 3pl.prs.refl
Ŋarka lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: They put up their tents in the middle of a big plain.
ləbta-h lemma: ləbta 'plain'
form: sg.gen
yer-nʹa lemma: yer 'middle'
form: sg.loc
mʹa-toh lemma: mʹa 'tent'
form: sg.acc.poss-3pl
mʹarə°-q. lemma: mʹarə° 'build'
form: 3pl.prs
| | 25: | Sʹidʹa lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
translation: Both Wayas were hunting again, Lobeku too.
lit. ʹхождаахѫ ловитъʹ
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
ŋanʹih lemma: ŋanʹih 'more'
form: adverb
xanʹe-wəncʹ° lemma: xanʹe 'hunt'
form: conv.purp
xǣ-sʹ°ti-x°h, lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: 3dl.hab
Lobeku lemma: Lobeku
form: noun
ŋobtərʹem. lemma: ŋobtərʹem 'so, too'
form: adverb
Yo°r-pə-toh lemma: yo°r 'fish'
form: cond.poss-3pl
translation: They went fishing as well.
lit. ʹif they would fish, there were fishingʹ ?
yo°r-cʹəti°-q. lemma: yo°r 'fish'
form: 3pl.hab
Wǣqnuy° lemma: wǣqnuy° 'spring'
form: sg.nom
translation: Spring came.
”Some weather-related expressions are formally transitive” (N. 229)
nuwoda lemma: num 'sky'
form: pl.acc.poss-3sg
pʹay°-da. lemma: pʹa 'begin'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
Ŋəwoq lemma: ŋəwoq 'once'
form: adverb
translation: One day, Lobeku said to the two Wayas:
pʹir°-kəqna lemma: pʹir° 'likeness'
form: pl.loc
Lobeku lemma: Lobeku
form: noun
xasawa lemma: xasawa 'man'
form: sg.nom
sʹidʹa lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
Way°-xəyu-ta lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: dl.gen.poss-3sg
nʹah lemma: nʹah 'to, with'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.dat
ma: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.prs
“Yude-mʹi lemma: yude 'dream'
form: sg.nom.poss-1sg
translation: “I had a dream.”
lit. ʹa dream of mine existsʹ
tənʹa°. lemma: tənʹa 'exist'
form: 3sg.prs
Yuder-pəqna-nʹi lemma: yude 'dream'
form: cond-emph.poss-1sg
translation: “In my dream a traveller came here from the place where that Tungus was killed,”
sʹeney° lemma: sʹenʹey° 'before, old'
form: adverb
Cyr. writing is the same for sʹeney° and sʹenʹey° used above.
sʹaq lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
pad°-wi°-m lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf.acc
xada-qma-xəd° lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: an-pf.abl
təqlʹ°nʹah lemma: təqlʹ°nʹah 'to here'
form: adv.dat
ŋǣdalʹo-da lemma: ŋǣdal 'travel'
form: ptcp-ipf
mʹiŋa, lemma: mʹim 'walk'
form: 3sg.prs
mʹin-tar°xa. lemma: mʹim 'walk'
form: 3sg.prs.aprx-ipf
”present and past [approximative] exist in perfective and imperfective forms” (N. 101)
Sʹeney° lemma: sʹenʹey° 'before, old'
form: adverb
translation: “It seems that that murdered Tungus chief is alive,”
xada-wi° lemma: xada 'kill, hunt'
form: ptcp-pf
sʹaq lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
pad°-wi° lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
yerw° lemma: yerw° 'master'
form: sg.nom
yilʹe-nar°xa, lemma: yilʹe 'live'
form: 3sg.prs.aprx-ipf
təqlʹ°nʹah lemma: təqlʹ°nʹah 'to here'
form: adv.dat
translation: “and he is coming here.”
mʹin-tar°xa, lemma: mʹim 'walk'
form: 3sg.prs.aprx-ipf
to-nar°xa. lemma: to° 'come'
form: 3sg.prs.aprx-ipf
Nʹi-r°xawi° lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg.3sg.prs.rep
translation: “It seems he didn’t die.”
reportative -rəxawi: unwitnessed event known from hearsay, speaker less certain than in inferential (N. 96)
xa-q.” lemma: xa 'die'
form: conneg
| | 26: | Sʹan°-rʹi lemma: sʹan° 'some''some'
form: adjective
alt.analysis: sg.nom.lim
translation: A few days passed.
yalʹa lemma: yalʹa 'day'
form: sg.nom
xǣ-naki°. lemma: xǣ 'go'
form: 3sg.prs.prob
Ŋəmke-h lemma: ŋəmke 'what'
form: sg.gen
translation: After a while a traveller did indeed appear.
yolcʹ°ŋkəna lemma: yolcʹ°ŋkəna 'during'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.loc
tʹi lemma: tʹi 'this, thus'
form: adverb
ŋǣ-q lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: conneg
nʹī=w°q lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg
alt.analysis: dub
ŋob lemma: ŋob '1'
form: text numeral
ŋǣdalʹo-da lemma: ŋǣdal 'travel'
form: ptcp-ipf
nʹenesʹa-rʹi lemma: nʹenesʹa 'truth'
form: sg.nom.lim
ŋoq lemma: ŋoq 'too'
form: adverb
ŋədʹi-mʹa. lemma: ŋədʹi 'be visible'
form: 3sg.prs.inch
Sʹīqw° lemma: sʹīqw° 'seven'
form: text numeral
translation: He came riding seven reindeer does.
xabt°rka-m lemma: xabt°rka 'reindeer doe'
form: sg.acc
meqŋa. lemma: me 'use, take'
form: 3sg.prs
Ŋarka lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: Older Waya said to Lobeku:
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
Lobeku lemma: Lobeku
form: noun
xasawa-n°h lemma: xasawa 'man'
form: sg.dat
ma: lemma: ma 'say'
form: 3sg.prs
“Yude-na lemma: yude 'dream'
form: sg.loc
translation: “Is this the one you dreamt about?”
məneq-me-r° lemma: məneq 'see'
form: ptcp-pf.poss-2sg
tʹi?” lemma: tʹi 'this, thus'
form: demonstrative
“Ŋa°q, lemma: ŋa°q 'yes'
form: particle
translation: (Lobeku said:) “Yes, it seems to be him.”
tʹika-r° lemma: tʹiki° 'this'
form: demonstrative
alt.analysis: sg.nom.poss-2sg
ŋǣ-dar°xa=nʹuq. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.prs.aprx-ipf
alt.analysis: excl
Sʹiyek°-mʹi lemma: sʹiyek° 'lie'
form: sg.nom.poss-1sg
translation: “I don’t lie.”
yəŋku.” lemma: yəŋku 'no'
form: neg
“Tə lemma: tə (2) 'then'
form: adverb
translation: (Older Waya said:) “Then let him come!”
ŋǣ°-ya, lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.juss
ŋǣ°-ya, lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.juss
to-ya=wa!” lemma: to° 'come'
form: 3sg.juss
alt.analysis: asrt
Nʹenesʹa lemma: nʹenesʹa 'truth'
form: sg.nom
translation: The Tungus chief was indeed coming,
ŋoq lemma: ŋoq 'too'
form: adverb
sʹaq lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
pad°-wi° lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
yerw° lemma: yerw° 'master'
form: sg.nom
mʹiŋa, lemma: mʹiŋa 'move'
form: 3sg.prs
sʹīqw° lemma: sʹīqw° 'seven'
form: text numeral
translation: he travelled using seven reindeer does.
xabt°rka-m lemma: xabt°rka 'reindeer doe'
form: sg.acc
me-cʹ° lemma: me 'use, take'
form: conv.mod
ŋǣdali°. lemma: ŋǣdaley° 'start travel'
form: 3sg.prs
Məlʹe° lemma: məlʹe° 'already'
form: adverb
translation: He was already close by.
təqlʹ°nʹah lemma: təqlʹ°nʹah 'to here'
form: adv.dat
to°. lemma: to° 'come'
form: 3sg.prs
Nʹero lemma: nʹero 'willow bush'
form: sg.nom
translation: He was about to cross the river with bushes,
yəxa-m lemma: yəxa 'river'
form: sg.acc
məda-ŋku-da-sʹ°, lemma: məda 'cut'
form: 3sg.fut-pst.obj-sg
sʹīqw° lemma: sʹīqw° 'seven'
form: text numeral
translation: (but) his seven reindeer does suddenly jerked.
“This can perhaps be literally interpreted as ‘to (suddenly) pull on the harness’ even though the referent ‘harness’ does not need to have been mentioned previously.” (N. 230)
xabt°rka-da lemma: xabt°rka 'reindeer doe'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
ler°kəbt°h lemma: ler°kəbt°h 'suddenly'
form: adverb
wərcʹad°tʹe°-doh. lemma: wərcʹad°tʹe° 'pull'
form: 3pl.prs.obj-sg
Pida lemma: pida 'he'
form: m.3sg.nom
translation: He fell from the sledge and sank into the water.
ŋanʹih lemma: ŋanʹih 'more'
form: adverb
xən°-xəd° lemma: xən° 'sledge'
form: sg.abl
lʹasʹo-° lemma: lʹasi° 'lie'
form: conv.mod
xaqmi°-q, lemma: xaqmor 'fall'
form: 3sg.prs.refl
yi-t°h lemma: yi 'water'
form: sg.dat
seyə°. lemma: seyə° 'sink'
form: 3sg.prs
Sʹan° lemma: sʹan° 'some''some'
form: adjective
translation: He couldn’t be seen any longer.
lit. ʹindeed, anything (of him) was not visibleʹ ?
nʹī lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg
ŋədʹi=w°q. lemma: ŋədʹi 'be visible'
form: 3sg.prs
alt.analysis: dub
Yi-t°h lemma: yi 'water'
form: sg.dat
translation: He probably drowned.
seyə-naki°. lemma: seyə° 'sink'
form: 3sg.prs.prob
Tʹi lemma: tʹi 'this, thus'
form: demonstrative
translation: When this happened, Lobeku grabbed his lasso,
tərcʹa lemma: tərcʹa 'such'
form: adjective
sʹer°-h lemma: sʹer° 'thing'
form: sg.gen
ŋǣ-sʹ° lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: conv.mod
Lobeku lemma: Lobeku
form: noun
xasawa lemma: xasawa 'man'
form: sg.nom
tīncʹa-mta lemma: tīncʹa 'lasso'
form: sg.acc.poss-3sg
nʹəqmə°-da, lemma: nʹəqm° 'grab'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
tǣmk°-m lemma: tǣmk° 'good reindeer'
form: sg.acc
translation: (and) he caught the (Tungus chief’s) best reindeer, while the does were climbing up to the riverbank.
yarkə°-da lemma: yarkə° 'catch'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
xabt°rk-ita lemma: xabt°rka 'reindeer doe'
form: pl.gen.poss-3sg
yəxa-h lemma: yəxa 'river'
form: sg.gen
waru-wəna lemma: war° 'bank'
form: sg.prol
tən°da-na-n°h. lemma: tən°da 'climb'
form: ptcp-ipf.dat
Təd° lemma: təd° 'then'
form: adverb
translation: Then he unharnessed his reindeer.
tīda lemma: ti 'reindeer'
form: pl.acc.poss-3sg
ŋǣde-y°-da. lemma: ŋǣda° 'unharness'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-pl
| | 27: | Ŋarka lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
translation: Older Waya said:
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
ma-q lemma: ma 'say'
form: conneg
nʹi=w°h: lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg
alt.analysis: dub
“Tərʹem lemma: tərʹem 'so'
form: particle
translation: “Let it be so.”
ŋǣ°-ya. lemma: ŋǣ 'be'
form: 3sg.juss
Sʹīqw° lemma: sʹīqw° 'seven'
form: text numeral
translation: “We will harness his seven reindeer does.”
xabt°rka-mta lemma: xabt°rka 'reindeer doe'
form: sg.acc.poss-3sg
mənʹaq lemma: mənʹaq 'we'
form: 1sg.nom
me-t°-nakewaq. lemma: me 'use, take'
form: 1pl.fut.prob
Tʹedaxəwah lemma: tʹedah 'now'
form: adv.aff
translation: “Now that the Tungus chief has drowned in the river, he will surely die,”
sʹaq lemma: sʹaq 'face'
form: sg.nom
pad°-wi° lemma: pad° 'paint'
form: ptcp-pf
yerw° lemma: yerw° 'master'
form: sg.nom
yi-t°h lemma: yi 'water'
form: sg.dat
seyə-qma-xəd° lemma: seyə° 'sink'
form: an-pf.abl
pʹilʹiq lemma: pʹilʹiq 'always'
form: adverb
xa-ŋku, lemma: xa 'die'
form: 3sg.fut
sʹan° lemma: sʹan° 'some''some'
form: adjective
translation: “(and) he won’t come back.”
nʹī lemma: nʹī 'not'
form: neg
tū-t°-q. lemma: to° 'come'
form: conneg.fut
Xurka-sʹiq lemma: xurka 'which, what kind of'
form: sg.nom.car
translation: “We will probably live without any troubles.”
xəra-sʹiq lemma: xəra
form: sg.nom.car
yilʹe-ŋko-dakewaq. lemma: yilʹe 'live'
form: 1pl.fut.prob
Tʹi lemma: tʹi 'this, thus'
form: demonstrative
translation: This is the end of my tale.
ləx°nako-nʹi lemma: ləx°nako 'tale'
form: sg.gen.poss-1sg
tə lemma: tə (2) 'then'
form: adverb
walakə-da. lemma: walakə 'end'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
Sʹidʹa lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
translation: The two Wayas started living with Lobeku in the same camp.
Way° lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.nom
Lobeku lemma: Lobeku
form: noun
xasawa lemma: xasawa 'man'
form: sg.nom
ŋob lemma: ŋob '1'
form: text numeral
ŋīsi-xəna lemma: ŋeso 'camp'
form: sg.loc
yilʹe-° lemma: yilʹe 'live'
form: conv.mod
pʹa°-doh. lemma: pʹa 'begin'
form: 3pl.obj-pl
Lobeku lemma: Lobeku
form: noun
translation: Lobeku married older Waya’s daughter.
lit. ʹtook for a wifeʹ
xasawa lemma: xasawa 'man'
form: sg.nom
ŋarka lemma: ŋarka 'big'
form: adjective
Way°-h lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.gen
nʹe lemma: nʹe 'woman'
form: nmod
nʹū-m lemma: nʹū 'child'
form: sg.acc
nʹe-d°-nta lemma: nʹe 'woman'
form: sg.gen.dim.predest-3sg
me°-da. lemma: me 'use, take'
form: 3sg.prs.obj-sg
Səwa-w°na lemma: səwa 'good'
form: adjective
alt.analysis: sg.prol
translation: He started to live well
yilʹe-ly°-q. lemma: yilʹe 'live'
form: 3sg.prs.inch.refl
Sʹidʹa lemma: sʹidʹa '2'
form: text numeral
translation: And the two Wayas kept hunting wild reindeer,
Way°-h lemma: Waya 'Waya'
form: sg.gen
ŋanʹih lemma: ŋanʹih 'more'
form: adverb
yilʹebcʹə-h lemma: yilʹebcʹə
form: sg.gen
nʹamna lemma: nʹamna 'about'
form: preposition
alt.analysis: adv.abl
xanʹe-sʹəti-x°h, lemma: xanʹe 'hunt'
form: 3dl.hab
xalʹa-m lemma: xalʹa 'fish'
form: sg.acc
translation: and (they kept) catching fish.
xadabə-sʹ°ti-x°h. lemma: xadabə 'catch'
form: 3dl.hab
Ləx°nako-nʹi lemma: ləx°nako 'tale'
form: sg.gen.poss-1sg
translation: That’s the end of my tale.
lit. ʹsuch (is) the likeness of my taleʹ
pʹir°-da. lemma: pʹir° 'likeness'
form: sg.nom.poss-3sg
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